Investigating the Crime Scene: The Work of a Forensic Science Technician

"I constantly remind people that crime isn't solved by technology; it's solved by people. " - Patricia Cornwell

Job description 

Forensic Science Technicians are professionals who work in a wide range of fields, including law enforcement, government agencies, and private laboratories. They are responsible for analyzing physical evidence found at crime scenes and providing expert testimony in court. Forensic Science Technicians play a crucial role in the criminal justice system and are instrumental in helping to solve crimes and bring criminals to justice.

General Information

Forensic Science Technicians work in a variety of settings, including crime labs, medical examiner's offices, and police departments. They typically work full-time and may be required to work evenings, weekends, and holidays. The job can be physically demanding, requiring technicians to spend long hours on their feet, lift heavy objects, and work in hazardous environments. Forensic Science Technicians must be detail-oriented, analytical, and able to work independently.

Some alternative titles for forensic science technicians include:

• Crime Scene Technician
• Crime Scene Analyst
• Forensic Specialist
• Evidence Technician
• Criminalist
• Crime Laboratory Analyst
• Forensic Science Investigator
• Forensic Examiner

However, regardless of the title, the main job responsibilities and skills required are generally the same.

Requirements

A career as a Forensic Science Technician typically requires a Bachelor's degree in forensic science or a related field, such as biology, chemistry, or physics. Some employers may also require certification from a professional organization, such as the American Board of Criminalistics or the International Association of Identification. In addition to education and certification, Forensic Science Technicians must also pass a criminal background check and have a clean driving record.

Main Responsibilities

The main responsibilities of a forensic science technician are varied and can include a wide range of tasks, depending on their specific role and area of expertise. Some of the key responsibilities of a forensic science technician may include:

1. Collecting and analyzing physical evidence: One of the primary responsibilities of a forensic science technician is to collect, analyze, and interpret physical evidence from crime scenes.
2. Testifying in court: Forensic science technicians may be called upon to testify in court regarding the evidence they have collected and analyzed. This may involve presenting complex scientific information in a clear and understandable way to judges, juries, and other legal professionals.
3. Maintaining laboratory equipment: Forensic science technicians are responsible for maintaining and calibrating laboratory equipment to ensure that it is functioning properly and producing accurate results.
4. Documenting findings: Forensic science technicians must keep detailed records of their findings and maintain a chain of custody for all evidence collected during investigations. This documentation is critical to ensuring that evidence is admissible in court and that investigations are conducted in an ethical and transparent manner.
5. Collaborating with other professionals: Forensic science technicians often work closely with other professionals, such as law enforcement officers, crime scene investigators, and medical examiners, to gather and analyze evidence.  

Skills

Forensic Science Technicians require a combination of hard and soft skills to be successful in their jobs.

A Day in the Life of a Forensic Science Technician

A day in the life of a forensic science technician can be unpredictable and exciting. 

Starting the Day

The day of a forensic science technician usually begins in the laboratory. Before heading out to the field, the technician will check their schedule and review any cases assigned to them. They may also check in with their supervisor or team members to discuss any ongoing cases or recent developments.

Heading to the Crime Scene

If a forensic science technician is needed at a crime scene, they will pack their equipment and head out to the location. This can include anything from a robbery at a convenience store to a homicide investigation. Upon arriving at the scene, the technician will carefully observe the area to avoid contaminating any evidence. They may also work with law enforcement to secure the scene and ensure the safety of everyone involved.

Collecting Evidence

Forensic science technicians are responsible for collecting and analyzing physical evidence found at the crime scene. This can include anything from blood spatter patterns to DNA samples, fingerprints, and firearms. They may use a variety of tools to collect and analyze evidence, such as swabs, tweezers, and specialized chemicals.

Back in the Laboratory

Once the evidence is collected, the forensic science technician will return to the laboratory to analyze and process it. This can involve a wide range of activities, such as DNA analysis, fingerprint identification, and ballistics testing. The technician may work with specialized equipment, such as microscopes, DNA sequencers, and computer software, to analyze the evidence and identify potential suspects.

Collaborating with Law Enforcement

Throughout the day, forensic science technicians work closely with law enforcement agencies to provide information and insights about the evidence collected. They may attend meetings, participate in briefings, and communicate with detectives and officers working on the case. They may also provide expert testimony in court, explaining their findings and how they reached their conclusions.

End of the Day

The workday of a forensic science technician can be long and unpredictable. Depending on the needs of the case and the schedule of the technician, they may work late into the night or on weekends. At the end of the day, the technician will likely review their progress, update any notes or reports, and ensure that all equipment is properly stored and secured.

In conclusion, a day in the life of a forensic science technician is never the same, and every day can bring new challenges and opportunities to make a difference in the justice system. 

Salary

In this section, we will discuss the salary expectations for forensic science technicians, including the average salary per year, factors that influence earnings, ways to improve earnings, and additional benefits.

Average Salary per Year

Source:  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of May 2021, the median annual wage for forensic science technicians was $61,930. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $37,670, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $103,430. However, it's important to note that salaries can vary depending on factors such as geographic location, level of education and experience, and the employer.

Here is a breakdown of the median annual wage for forensic science technicians in some of the top paying states 

Factors That Influence Earnings

Several factors can influence the earnings of forensic science technicians, including:

1. Experience: Like most professions, experience is a critical factor that influences earnings. Forensic science technicians with several years of experience can expect to earn a higher salary than those who are just starting in the field.
2. Education: A bachelor's degree in forensic science or a related field is typically required for this profession. Advanced degrees, such as a master's or doctorate, can lead to higher salaries.
3. Industry: Forensic science technicians can work in various industries, including government agencies, hospitals, and laboratories. The industry can impact the salary range, with government agencies typically offering higher salaries.
4. Location: The state and city can impact the salary range for forensic science technicians. For example, states with a higher cost of living may offer higher salaries to offset the increased living expenses.

Ways to Improve Earnings

There are several ways that forensic science technicians can improve their earnings, including:

1. Continuing education: Pursuing advanced degrees or certifications in specialized areas of forensic science can lead to higher salaries.
2. Specialization: Becoming an expert in a specific area of forensic science, such as DNA analysis or ballistics, can lead to higher-paying job opportunities.
3. Industry: Forensic science technicians can consider working in industries that offer higher salaries, such as government agencies or consulting firms.

Additional Benefits

Forensic science technicians can receive several benefits in addition to their salary, including:

1. Healthcare: Many employers offer healthcare benefits, including medical, dental, and vision insurance.
2. Retirement benefits: Forensic science technicians may be eligible for retirement benefits, such as a 401(k) or pension plan.
3. Paid time off: Employers may offer paid time off, including vacation, sick days, and holidays.
4. Flexible scheduling: Some employers offer flexible work schedules, which can allow for a better work-life balance.

Job environment 

Forensic science technicians work in a variety of settings, including crime labs, medical examiner's offices, and law enforcement agencies. Their work environments can be varied and challenging, and require specific tools and equipment to perform their job duties effectively.

Description of Settings

Crime labs: Many forensic science technicians work in crime labs, which are typically run by federal, state, or local law enforcement agencies. Crime labs are responsible for processing evidence collected at crime scenes and conducting laboratory analyses to help solve crimes. Technicians in crime labs may work in specialized units such as DNA analysis, ballistics, or toxicology.

Medical examiner/coroner offices: Forensic science technicians may also work in medical examiner or coroner offices, where they assist in autopsies and examine bodies to determine cause of death. This may involve collecting and analyzing biological samples, documenting injuries or wounds, and working with law enforcement to piece together the circumstances surrounding a death.

Field work: Some forensic science technicians may work in the field, collecting and analyzing evidence at crime scenes or accident sites. This may involve collecting and preserving evidence, documenting the scene through photographs and sketches, and working closely with law enforcement to gather information and develop leads.

Private labs: Some forensic science technicians work in private labs, which may be contracted by law enforcement agencies or private companies. Private labs may specialize in specific areas of forensic science, such as DNA analysis or drug testing.

Description of Tools

Forensic science technicians utilize a wide range of tools and equipment in their work, including specialized microscopes, digital imaging systems, and various types of analytical instruments. They also use specialized equipment for collecting and preserving evidence, such as DNA samples, fingerprints, and other trace evidence. Forensic science technicians also use a variety of software programs for data analysis and interpretation.

Work Schedule

Work schedules for forensic science technicians can vary depending on the specific job and setting. Those who work in crime labs or medical examiner offices may work traditional daytime hours, while those who work in the field may have irregular schedules and may be called in to work on short notice in response to emergencies. Private lab technicians may also have more flexible schedules, depending on the needs of their clients. Overall, the work of a forensic science technician can be demanding, requiring attention to detail and a commitment to accuracy and thoroughness in all aspects of the job.

Photo: standret/freepik

Education 

Forensic science technicians are highly skilled professionals who work in various industries, including law enforcement, government agencies, and private laboratories. To become a forensic science technician, individuals must obtain a formal education, which typically includes a bachelor's degree in forensic science or a related field.

Bachelor's Degree

A bachelor's degree in forensic science typically takes four years to complete and covers a wide range of topics, including chemistry, biology, physics, and criminal justice. Students also learn about forensic science techniques, such as fingerprint analysis, DNA analysis, and blood spatter analysis. During their studies, students gain practical experience through laboratory work, internships, and other hands-on training.

Master's Degree

A master's degree in forensic science typically takes two years to complete and is designed for individuals who want to advance their careers in forensic science. In a master's degree program, students can specialize in areas such as DNA analysis, toxicology, and forensic anthropology. Coursework typically includes advanced topics in forensic science, research methods, and statistics.

Ph.D.

A Ph.D. in forensic science is the highest level of education in this field and typically takes three to five years to complete. A Ph.D. program focuses on advanced research and allows individuals to specialize in a specific area of forensic science, such as forensic chemistry or forensic biology. Graduates with a Ph.D. in forensic science often work in research or academic settings.

Postdoctoral Fellowship

A postdoctoral fellowship is a research position that individuals can pursue after completing a Ph.D. A postdoctoral fellowship provides individuals with additional training and experience in a specific area of forensic science. These positions can last anywhere from one to three years and can help individuals to further their careers in forensic science.

Professional Associations

There are several professional associations that forensic science technicians can join to stay up-to-date with the latest developments in the field. These associations include the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS), the International Association of Forensic Sciences (IAFS), and the American  Board of Criminalistics.

Licenses and Certifications

Some states require forensic science technicians to be licensed or certified. Requirements vary by state, but typically include passing an exam and meeting certain educational and experience requirements.

The American Board of Criminalistics currently offers examinations in the following areas of certification:

• Biological Evidence Screening (ABC-BIO)
• Comprehensive Criminalistics (ABC-CC) 
• Drug Analysis (ABC-DA)
• Forensic DNA (ABC-DNA)
• Molecular Biology (ABC-MB) 

Obtaining these certifications can demonstrate expertise in a particular area of forensic science and can help individuals advance their careers.

Career Paths 

Forensic science offers several opportunities for career development, including specialization, subfields, and alternative careers.

Ways of Career Development

Forensic science technicians can develop their careers in a number of ways. One common path is to gain experience and eventually move up to supervisory or managerial roles. They may also choose to specialize in a particular area of forensic science, such as DNA analysis, firearms analysis, or drug analysis. Additionally, some forensic science technicians choose to become certified in their field to demonstrate their expertise and increase their job prospects.

Subfields and Specializations

Forensic science has several subfields, including forensic biology, forensic chemistry, forensic toxicology, and forensic odontology. Forensic biology focuses on the analysis of biological evidence, such as blood, semen, and hair. Forensic chemistry involves the analysis of chemicals found at a crime scene, such as drugs and explosives. Forensic toxicology involves the analysis of bodily fluids and tissues to determine the presence of drugs and poisons. Forensic odontology involves the use of dental evidence in criminal investigations.

Forensic science technicians may choose to specialize in crime scene investigation or DNA analysis. Crime scene investigators collect and analyze physical evidence from crime scenes, while DNA analysts use DNA profiling techniques to identify suspects and link them to crime scenes.

Some of the most common subfields also include ballistics, toxicology, and trace evidence analysis. Within each subfield, there may be further areas of specialization, such as blood spatter analysis or drug identification.

Alternative Careers and Similar Jobs

There are a number of alternative careers and similar jobs available to those with a background in forensic science. Some may choose to work in law enforcement as detectives or crime scene investigators. Others may work in private forensic laboratories or as consultants to law firms or government agencies. Additionally, those with a strong background in science and technology may find opportunities in fields such as biotechnology or pharmaceuticals.

Note: This is not an exhaustive list, and there may be other alternative careers and similar jobs in the forensic science field.

 Job Market 

The job market for forensic science technicians can vary based on a number of factors, including location, experience, and educational background. 

Demand for Forensic Science Technicians

Forensic science technicians play a crucial role in the criminal justice system, and their skills are in high demand by law enforcement agencies, crime labs, and other organizations involved in criminal investigations. The demand for forensic science technicians is expected to grow in the coming years, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics projecting a 11% increase in employment from 2021 to 2031, which is much faster than the average for all occupations.

Outlook of Forensic Science Technicians

The outlook for forensic science technicians is positive, as the demand for their skills continues to grow. However, competition for jobs in this field can be stiff, as many candidates have advanced degrees and specialized training in forensic science. To increase their chances of finding employment, aspiring forensic science technicians should consider obtaining advanced degrees and gaining experience through internships or other relevant work experience.

Possibilities of Part-Time Job

Part-time work opportunities for forensic science technicians can be limited, as many employers prefer to hire full-time employees with dedicated schedules. However, part-time positions may be available in certain circumstances, such as for contract work or as a consultant. Part-time positions may also be available for forensic science technicians who have retired from full-time work but still want to remain active in their field.

Possibilities of Remote Job

Remote work opportunities for forensic science technicians are limited, as much of the work is performed in a laboratory or other controlled environment. However, some employers may offer remote work options for administrative or research-related tasks. Additionally, forensic science technicians who work as consultants or freelance professionals may be able to work remotely, depending on the specific nature of their work.

Job satisfaction 

Overall, while there are both advantages and disadvantages to being a forensic science technician, individuals with a passion for justice and a desire to make a difference in their communities may find this career to be fulfilling and rewarding.

Government Programs

To support the work of these forensic science professionals, various government programs have been established to provide funding, training, and other resources.

One such program is the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), which is a research, development, and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice. The NIJ provides funding for research and development of forensic technologies and techniques, as well as training and support for forensic laboratories and personnel. The NIJ also provides guidelines for best practices in forensic science to ensure the accuracy and reliability of forensic evidence.

Another government program is the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), which is also a part of the U.S. Department of Justice. The BJA provides funding for various criminal justice programs, including those related to forensic science. The BJA supports the development and improvement of forensic laboratories, as well as the training and education of forensic science technicians.

The National Forensic Science Technology Center (NFSTC) is another government program that provides training and support for forensic science technicians. The NFSTC offers various courses and workshops on forensic science techniques and technologies, as well as consulting services for forensic laboratories and personnel.

The Department of Defense (DOD) also has a forensic science program, which is responsible for providing forensic support to military investigations and operations. The DOD program provides training and resources for military forensic science personnel, as well as support for forensic laboratory operations.

Additionally, many state and local governments have their own programs and initiatives to support the work of forensic science technicians. For example, some states have established forensic science commissions to oversee the quality and integrity of forensic evidence, while others have created training programs for law enforcement and other criminal justice professionals on the use of forensic evidence.

In conclusion, government programs play an important role in supporting the work of forensic science technicians. These programs provide funding, training, and other resources to ensure the accuracy and reliability of forensic evidence, as well as the continued professional development of forensic science personnel. By supporting the work of these professionals, these programs contribute to the administration of justice and the safety of communities.